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    copied!<p>Some or your requirements can, others cannot be done using XML Schema. </p> <p>One note before going into details, I've also added an additional key/keyref (referential integrity), that you did not ask for, but I thought it might be good for future references. The uniqueWorkflowInWorkflows is what you've asked for; the pkWorkflow/fkProcessToWorkflow I've added. There are subtle differences between unique and key clauses, but if you accept the key/keyref, you don't need uniqueWorkflowInWorkflows. </p> <p>It is worth mentioning here that in general, if your design allows for an xsd:unique clause, but not an xsd:key; an xsd:keyref can reference an xsd:unique...</p> <p>The answers are:</p> <p>1) See uniqueWorkflowInWorkflows or pkWorkflow</p> <p>2) See uniqueActionInWorkflow</p> <p>3) Nothing to do here.</p> <p>4) Cannot be done in XML Schema (intuitively I would say due to limitations in the supported XPath syntax for the selectors).</p> <p>5) Cannot be done in XML Schema.</p> <p>Below is an XML Schema generated from your XML, following a Russian Doll authoring style, that is the only "global" declaration is that of the root element.</p> <pre><code>&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?&gt; &lt;!--W3C Schema generated by QTAssistant/W3C Schema Refactoring Module (http://www.paschidev.com)--&gt; &lt;xsd:schema attributeFormDefault="unqualified" elementFormDefault="qualified" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"&gt; &lt;xsd:element name="workflowManagementSystem"&gt; &lt;xsd:complexType&gt; &lt;xsd:sequence&gt; &lt;xsd:element name="workflows"&gt; &lt;xsd:complexType&gt; &lt;xsd:sequence&gt; &lt;xsd:element maxOccurs="unbounded" name="workflow"&gt; &lt;xsd:complexType&gt; &lt;xsd:sequence&gt; &lt;xsd:element name="actions"&gt; &lt;xsd:complexType&gt; &lt;xsd:sequence&gt; &lt;xsd:element maxOccurs="unbounded" name="action"&gt; &lt;xsd:complexType&gt; &lt;xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string" use="required"/&gt; &lt;xsd:attribute name="role" type="xsd:string" use="required"/&gt; &lt;/xsd:complexType&gt; &lt;/xsd:element&gt; &lt;/xsd:sequence&gt; &lt;/xsd:complexType&gt; &lt;/xsd:element&gt; &lt;/xsd:sequence&gt; &lt;xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string" use="required"/&gt; &lt;/xsd:complexType&gt; &lt;xsd:unique name="uniqueActionInWorkflow"&gt; &lt;xsd:selector xpath="actions/action"/&gt; &lt;xsd:field xpath="@name"/&gt; &lt;/xsd:unique&gt; &lt;/xsd:element&gt; &lt;/xsd:sequence&gt; &lt;/xsd:complexType&gt; &lt;xsd:unique name="uniqueWorkflowInWorkflows"&gt; &lt;xsd:selector xpath="workflow"/&gt; &lt;xsd:field xpath="@name"/&gt; &lt;/xsd:unique&gt; &lt;/xsd:element&gt; &lt;xsd:element name="actors"&gt; &lt;xsd:complexType&gt; &lt;xsd:sequence&gt; &lt;xsd:element maxOccurs="unbounded" name="actor"&gt; &lt;xsd:complexType&gt; &lt;xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string" use="required"/&gt; &lt;xsd:attribute name="role" type="xsd:string" use="required"/&gt; &lt;/xsd:complexType&gt; &lt;/xsd:element&gt; &lt;/xsd:sequence&gt; &lt;/xsd:complexType&gt; &lt;/xsd:element&gt; &lt;xsd:element name="processes"&gt; &lt;xsd:complexType&gt; &lt;xsd:sequence&gt; &lt;xsd:element maxOccurs="unbounded" name="process"&gt; &lt;xsd:complexType&gt; &lt;xsd:sequence&gt; &lt;xsd:element name="actionStatuses"&gt; &lt;xsd:complexType&gt; &lt;xsd:sequence&gt; &lt;xsd:element maxOccurs="unbounded" name="actionStatus"&gt; &lt;xsd:complexType&gt; &lt;xsd:attribute name="action" type="xsd:string" use="required"/&gt; &lt;xsd:attribute name="actor" type="xsd:string" use="required"/&gt; &lt;/xsd:complexType&gt; &lt;/xsd:element&gt; &lt;/xsd:sequence&gt; &lt;/xsd:complexType&gt; &lt;/xsd:element&gt; &lt;/xsd:sequence&gt; &lt;xsd:attribute name="workflow" type="xsd:string" use="required"/&gt; &lt;/xsd:complexType&gt; &lt;/xsd:element&gt; &lt;/xsd:sequence&gt; &lt;/xsd:complexType&gt; &lt;/xsd:element&gt; &lt;/xsd:sequence&gt; &lt;/xsd:complexType&gt; &lt;xsd:key name="pkWorkflow"&gt; &lt;xsd:selector xpath="workflows/workflow"/&gt; &lt;xsd:field xpath="@name"/&gt; &lt;/xsd:key&gt; &lt;xsd:keyref name="fkProcessToWorkflow" refer="pkWorkflow"&gt; &lt;xsd:selector xpath="processes/process"/&gt; &lt;xsd:field xpath="@workflow"/&gt; &lt;/xsd:keyref&gt; &lt;/xsd:element&gt; </code></pre> <p></p> <p>This is a visualization of the XSD source:</p> <p><img src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/54HOh.jpg" alt="XSD Visualization"></p>
 

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