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    copied!<p><strong>This is a simpler more efficient XSLT 1.0 solution, than counting all preceding siblings</strong>:</p> <pre><code>&lt;xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"&gt; &lt;xsl:output omit-xml-declaration="yes" indent="yes"/&gt; &lt;xsl:key name="kFollowing" match="item" use="generate-id(preceding-sibling::header[1])"/&gt; &lt;xsl:template match="/*"&gt; &lt;root&gt; &lt;xsl:apply-templates select="header"/&gt; &lt;/root&gt; &lt;/xsl:template&gt; &lt;xsl:template match="header"&gt; &lt;heather2&gt; &lt;xsl:copy-of select="key('kFollowing', generate-id())"/&gt; &lt;/heather2&gt; &lt;/xsl:template&gt; &lt;/xsl:stylesheet&gt; </code></pre> <p><strong>When this transformation is applied on the following XML document</strong>:</p> <pre><code>&lt;root&gt; &lt;header/&gt; &lt;item&gt;1&lt;/item&gt; &lt;item&gt;2&lt;/item&gt; &lt;item&gt;3&lt;/item&gt; &lt;header/&gt; &lt;item&gt;5&lt;/item&gt; &lt;item&gt;6&lt;/item&gt; &lt;item&gt;7&lt;/item&gt; &lt;/root&gt; </code></pre> <p><strong>the wanted, correct result is produced</strong>:</p> <pre><code>&lt;root&gt; &lt;heather2&gt; &lt;item&gt;1&lt;/item&gt; &lt;item&gt;2&lt;/item&gt; &lt;item&gt;3&lt;/item&gt; &lt;/heather2&gt; &lt;heather2&gt; &lt;item&gt;5&lt;/item&gt; &lt;item&gt;6&lt;/item&gt; &lt;item&gt;7&lt;/item&gt; &lt;/heather2&gt; &lt;/root&gt; </code></pre> <p><strong>Explanation</strong>:</p> <p>A key is defined in such a way that for a <code>header</code> any of the immediately-following <code>item</code> elements is matched by the <code>generate-id()</code> of this <code>header</code>.</p> <p><strong>II. XSLT 2.0 solution</strong>:</p> <pre><code>&lt;xsl:stylesheet version="2.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"&gt; &lt;xsl:output omit-xml-declaration="yes" indent="yes"/&gt; &lt;xsl:template match="/*"&gt; &lt;root&gt; &lt;xsl:for-each-group select="item" group-adjacent= "generate-id(preceding-sibling::header[1])"&gt; &lt;header2&gt; &lt;xsl:sequence select="current-group()"/&gt; &lt;/header2&gt; &lt;/xsl:for-each-group&gt; &lt;/root&gt; &lt;/xsl:template&gt; &lt;/xsl:stylesheet&gt; </code></pre> <p><strong>when this transformation is applied on the same XML document (above), the same correct result is produced</strong>:</p> <pre><code>&lt;root&gt; &lt;header2&gt; &lt;item&gt;1&lt;/item&gt; &lt;item&gt;2&lt;/item&gt; &lt;item&gt;3&lt;/item&gt; &lt;/header2&gt; &lt;header2&gt; &lt;item&gt;5&lt;/item&gt; &lt;item&gt;6&lt;/item&gt; &lt;item&gt;7&lt;/item&gt; &lt;/header2&gt; &lt;/root&gt; </code></pre> <p><strong>Explanation</strong>: Use of <code>xsl:for-each-group</code>, <code>group-adjacent</code>, <code>current-group()</code></p>
 

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