StackOverflow2013

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copied!<p>Points to help you out:</p> <ul> <li>Every computer that belongs to a network -including yours has an ip address.</li> <li>Every network has hosts under it. The network may be divided into subnets </li> <li>The ip addressing is hierarchial.This helps in routing</li> <li>IP addresses may be assigned manually or by the DHCP server Manual-<a href="http://www.home-network-help.com/set-ip.html" rel="nofollow">IP configuration</a> DHCP-<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_Host_Configuration_Protocol" rel="nofollow">Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol</a></li> <li>All packets that are sent to your ip address come through your isp network - this includes switches and routers</li> <li>Packets from other networks are forwarded by this ip address. Once they reach the nearest switch. Switches use your MAC address to send packets to your computer. The MAC address is obtained by ARP </li> <li>The gateway address is the path through which packets are sent out of your network or your ISP's</li> <li>Proxy servers are servers that allow connections through them </li> </ul> <p>To understand more about how this works, download Wireshark: Start the sniffer and then load google.com in your browser.</p> <p>You will notice the following</p> <ol> <li>The browser first sends a DNS request with the hostname to the DNS server of your ISP (or your network if any)- DNS finds out the ip address from the hostname.</li> <li>The DNS server replies with the IP address of the server</li> <li>The browser then sends the HTTP request This is in the form e.g GET /index.html HTTP/1.1</li> <li>The server responds with the format</li> <li>The data is sent to the user</li> <li>Usually if a webpage is requested, it is in HTML format(with javascript,css,etc). This is then parsed and processed by the browser to get the webpage we see.</li> </ol> <p>To test this :</p> <p><strong>ON LINUX</strong>, type</p> <pre><code>telnet stackoverflow.com 80 </code></pre> <p>in the terminal. As soon as it gets connected,type the following (quickly before it gets disconnected):</p> <pre><code>GET /index.html HTTP/1.1 (enter) Host: stackoverflow.com (enter)(enter) </code></pre> <p>to see the response</p> <p><strong>ON WINDOWS</strong></p> <p>Download the putty client and fill the host as stackoverflow.com, port as 80, and choose Connection type as Telnet.</p> <p>As soon as it gets connected, repeat same steps as above to see the response.</p>

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