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copied!<p>The book covers use of Ada 95, the Java Real-Time System and realtime POSIX extensions (programmed in C). None of these is directly a domain specific language.</p> <p>Ada 95 is a programming language commonly used in the late 90s and (AFAIK) still widely used for realtime programming in defence and aerospace industries. There is at least one DSL built on top of Ada - <a href="http://www.praxis-his.com/sparkada/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">SparkAda</a> - which is a system of annotations which describe system characteristics to a program verification tool. </p> <p><a href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/articles/javase/bollella-qa2-135140.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">This interview</a> of April 6, 2006 indicates some of the classes and virtual machine changes which make up the Java Real-Time System. It doesn't mention any domain specific language extensions. I haven't come across use of Java in real-time systems, but I haven't been looking at the sorts of systems where I'd expect to find it (I work in aerospace simulation, where it's C++, Fortran and occasionally Ada for real-time in-the-loop systems). </p> <p><a href="http://www.unix.org/version2/whatsnew/realtime.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Realtime POSIX</a> is a set of extensions to the POSIX operating system facilities. As OS extensions, they don't require anything specific in the language. That said, I can think of one C based DSL for describing embedded systems - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SystemC" rel="nofollow noreferrer">SystemC</a> - but I've no idea if it's also used to generate the embedded systems.</p> <p>Not mentioned in the book is <a href="http://www.mathworks.com/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Matlab</a>, which in the last few years has gone from a simulation tool to a model driven development system for realtime systems. Matlab/Simulink is, in effect, a DSL for linear programming, state machines and algorithms. Matlab can generate <a href="http://www.mathworks.com/products/rtw/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">C</a> or <a href="http://www.mathworks.com/products/slhdlcoder/?s_cid=HP_FP_SL_HDLCoder" rel="nofollow noreferrer">HDL</a> for realtime and embedded systems. It's very rare to see an avionics, EW or other defence industry real-time job advertised which doesn't require some Matlab experience. (I don't work for Matlab, but it's hard to over emphasis how ubiquitous it really is in the industry)</p>

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