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copied!<p><strong>None</strong>, that I've seen.</p> <p>Sure, there are "new" languages popping up all the time. But I used the scare-quotes because all the examples usually offered are:</p> <ul> <li>repackaging (into another language) ideas that have been in Computing Science and Mathematics for decades, or</li> <li>languages/techniques which are older than that, but only recently "discovered" by the "mainstream" world.</li> </ul> <p>For concrete examples:</p> <ul> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambda_calculus" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Lambda calculus</a> goes back to Mathematics and logic in the 1930s,</li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_programming" rel="nofollow noreferrer">functional programming</a> goes back to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisp_programming_language" rel="nofollow noreferrer">LISP</a> in the late 1950s,</li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Backus" rel="nofollow noreferrer">John Backus</a> discussed FP in his <a href="http://www.stanford.edu/class/cs242/readings/backus.pdf" rel="nofollow noreferrer">1977 Turing Award lecture (pdf)</a>,</li> <li><a href="http://www.cse.chalmers.se/~rjmh/Papers/whyfp.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">John Hughes' paper <em>Why Functional Programming Matters</em></a> was written in 1984,</li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_comprehension" rel="nofollow noreferrer">comprehensions</a> go back to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Set_theory" rel="nofollow noreferrer">set theory</a> in the 1870s and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SETL" rel="nofollow noreferrer">SETL</a> in the 1960s,</li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parser_combinators" rel="nofollow noreferrer">parser combinators</a> were promoted by <a href="http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/wadler/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Phil Wadler</a> in the mid 1980s and go back to <a href="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/logic-combinatory/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">combinatory</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combinatory_logic" rel="nofollow noreferrer">logic</a> in the 1920s,</li> <li>and so on.</li> </ul> <p>The work of promoting, popularizing, applying, and refining these (and many other) important ideas is worthwhile. But that doesn't make those uses truly innovative.</p> <p>Of course, I will be delighted if anyone can provide an example of a truly original concept in programming that didn't exist ten years ago.</p>

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