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copied!<p>You could use the <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=1Shx_VXS6ioC&pg=PT54&dq=Python+Cookbook+translator+Perkins+Hettinger&hl=en&ei=sThsTafwEoSs8AbDxPzaCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false" rel="nofollow">translator recipe</a> to drop all characters not in <code>alpha</code>. Since doing so makes <code>letters</code> contain nothing but characters from <code>alpha</code>, <code>n</code> is now the correct denominator.</p> <p>You could then use a <code>collections.defaultdict(int)</code> to count the occurrences of the letters:</p> <pre><code>import collections import string def translator(frm='', to='', delete='', keep=None): # Python Cookbook Recipe 1.9 # Chris Perkins, Raymond Hettinger if len(to) == 1: to = to * len(frm) trans = string.maketrans(frm, to) if keep is not None: allchars = string.maketrans('', '') # delete is expanded to delete everything except # what is mentioned in set(keep)-set(delete) delete = allchars.translate(allchars, keep.translate(allchars, delete)) def translate(s): return s.translate(trans, delete) return translate alpha = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz' keep_alpha=translator(keep=alpha) while True: speech = raw_input("Enter file name:") wholeFile = open(speech, 'r+').read() lowlet = wholeFile.lower() letters = keep_alpha(lowlet) n = len(letters) occurrences = collections.defaultdict(int) for x in letters: occurrences[x]+=1 for x in occurrences: print x, occurrences[x], occurrences[x]/float(n) </code></pre>

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