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PO(C++) Linking with namespaces causes duplicate symbol error
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copied!<p>For the past few days, I have been trying to figure out how to link the files for a CLI gaming project I have been working on. There are two halves of the project, the Client and the Server code. </p> <p>The client needs two libraries I've made. The first is a general purpose game board. This is split between GameEngine.h and GameEngine.cpp. The header file looks something like this</p> <pre><code>namespace gfdGaming { // struct sqr_size { // Index x; // Index y; // }; typedef struct { Index x, y; } sqr_size; const sqr_size sPos = {1, 1}; sqr_size sqr(Index x, Index y); sqr_size ePos; class board { // Prototypes / declarations for the class } } </code></pre> <p>And the CPP file is just giving everything content</p> <pre><code>#include "GameEngine.h" type gfdGaming::board::functions </code></pre> <p>The client also has game-specific code (in this case, TicTacToe) split into declarations and definitions (TTT.h, Client.cpp). TTT.h is basically </p> <pre><code>#include "GameEngine.h" #define TTTtar "localhost" #define TTTport 2886 using namespace gfdGaming; void* turnHandler(void*); namespace nsTicTacToe { GFDCON gfd; const char X = 'X'; const char O = 'O'; string MPhostname, mySID; board TTTboard; bool PlayerIsX = true, isMyTurn; char Player = X, Player2 = O; int recon(string* datHolder = NULL, bool force = false); void initMP(bool create = false, string hn = TTTtar); void init(); bool isTie(); int turnPlayer(Index loc, char lSym = Player); bool checkWin(char sym = Player); int mainloop(); int mainloopMP(); }; // NS </code></pre> <p>I made the decision to put this in a namespace to group it instead of a class because there are some parts that would not work well in OOP, and it's much easier to implement later on.</p> <p>I have had trouble linking the client in the past, but this setup seems to work.</p> <p>My server is also split into two files, Server.h and Server.cpp.</p> <p>Server.h contains exactly:</p> <pre><code>#include "../TicTacToe/TTT.h" // Server needs a full copy of TicTacToe code class TTTserv; struct TTTachievement_requirement { Index id; Index loc; bool inUse; }; struct TTTachievement_t { Index id; bool achieved; bool AND, inSameGame; bool inUse; bool (*lHandler)(TTTserv*); char mustBeSym; int mustBePlayer; string name, description; TTTachievement_requirement steps[safearray(8*8)]; }; class achievement_core_t : public GfdOogleTech { public: // May be shifted to private TTTachievement_t list[safearray(8*8)]; public: achievement_core_t(); int insert(string name, string d, bool samegame, bool lAnd, int lSteps[8*8], int mbP=0, char mbS=0); }; struct TTTplayer_t { Index id; bool inUse; string ip, sessionID; char sym; int desc; TTTachievement_t Ding[8*8]; }; struct TTTgame_t { TTTplayer_t Player[safearray(2)]; TTTplayer_t Spectator; achievement_core_t achievement_core; Index cTurn, players; port_t roomLoc; bool inGame, Xused, Oused, newEvent; }; class TTTserv : public gSserver { TTTgame_t Game; TTTplayer_t *cPlayer; port_t conPort; public: achievement_core_t *achiev; thread threads[8]; int parseit(string tDat, string tsIP); Index conCount; int parseit(string tDat, int tlUser, TTTplayer_t** retval); private: int parseProto(string dat, string sIP); int parseProto(string dat, int lUser); int cycleTurn(); void setup(port_t lPort = 0, bool complete = false); public: int newEvent; TTTserv(port_t tlPort = TTTport, bool tcomplete = true); TTTplayer_t* userDC(Index id, Index force = false); int sendToPlayers(string dat, bool asMSG = false); int mainLoop(volatile bool *play); }; // Other void* userHandler(void*); void* handleUser(void*); </code></pre> <p>And in the CPP file I include Server.h and provide main() and the contents of all functions previously declared.</p> <p><strong>Now to the problem at hand</strong> I am having issues when linking my server. More specifically, I get a duplicate symbol error for every variable in nsTicTacToe (and possibly in gfdGaming as well). Since I need the TicTacToe functions, I link Client.cpp ( without main() ) when building the server</p> <pre><code>ld: duplicate symbol nsTicTacToe::PlayerIsX in Client.o and Server.o collect2: ld returned 1 exit status Command /Developer/usr/bin/g++-4.2 failed with exit code 1 It stops once a problem is encountered, but if PlayerIsX is removed / changed temporarily than another variable causes an error </code></pre> <p><strong>Essentially, I am looking for any advice on how to better organize my code to hopefully fix these errors.</strong></p> <p><strong>Disclaimers:</strong> -I apologize in advance if I provided too much or too little information, as it is my first time posting</p> <p>-I have tried using static and extern to fix these problems, but apparently those are not what I need</p> <p>Thank you to anyone who takes the time to read all of this and respond =)</p>

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