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copied!<p>Here's a hint:</p> <pre><code>echo ${string:0:3} echo ${#string} </code></pre> <p><strong>Edit (2011-02-11):</strong></p> <p>Here's my solution. I added some additional parameters with defaults.</p> <pre><code>rotate-string () { local s=${1:-1} p=${2:--1} w=${3:-8} c=${4:-0} r l printf -vr '%0*d' $w 0 # save $w zeros in $r r=${r//0/$c}$s # change the zeros to the character in $c, append the string r=${r: -w} # save the last $w characters of $r l=${r: -p%w} # get the last part of $r ($p mod %w characters) echo "$l${r::w-${#l}}" # output the Last part on the Left and the Right part which starts at the beginning and goes for ($w minus the_length_of_the_Left_part) characters } </code></pre> <p>usage: <code>rotate-string string positions-to-rotate width fill-character</code></p> <p>example: <code>rotate-string abc -4 9 =</code></p> <p>result: <code>==abc====</code></p> <p>Arguments can be omitted starting from the end and these defaults will be used:</p> <ul> <li>fill-character: "0"</li> <li>width: 8</li> <li>positions-to-rotate: -1</li> <li>string: "1"</li> </ul> <p>More examples:</p> <pre><code>$ rotate-string 00000010 $ rotate-string 123 4 01230000 </code></pre> <p>Fun stuff:</p> <pre><code>$ for i in {126..6}; do printf '%s\r' "$(rotate-string Dennis $i 20 .)"; sleep .05; done; printf '\n' $ while true; do for i in {10..1} {1..10}; do printf '%s\r' "$(rotate-string : $i 10 .)"; sleep .1; done; done $ while true; do for i in {40..2} {2..40}; do printf '%s\r' "$(rotate-string '/\' $i 40 '_')"; sleep .02; done; done $ d=0; while true; do for i in {1..10} {10..1}; do printf '%s\r' "$(rotate-string $d $i 10 '_')"; sleep .02; done; ((d=++d%10)); done $ d=0; while true; do for i in {1..10}; do printf '%s\r' "$(rotate-string $d $i 10 '_')"; sleep .2; ((d=++d%10)); done; done $ shape='▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█▇▆▅▄▃▂▁'; while true; do for ((i=1; i<=COLUMNS; i++)); do printf '%s\r' "$(rotate-string "$shape" $i $COLUMNS ' ')"; done; done </code></pre>

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