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copied!<p>The reason for the behaviour you observed is that <code>from __future__ import unicode_literals</code> switches the way Python works with strings:</p> <ul> <li>In the 2.x series, strings without the <em>u</em> prefix are treated as sequences of bytes, each of which may be in the range \x00-\xff (inclusive). Strings with the <em>u</em> prefix are ucs-2 encoded unicode sequences.</li> <li>In Python 3.x -- as well as in the <code>unicode_literals</code> future, strings without the <em>u</em> prefix are unicode strings encoded in either UCS-2 or UCS-4 (depends on the compiler flag used when compiling Python). Strings with the <em>b</em> prefix are literals for the data type <code>bytes</code> which are rather similar to pre-3.x non-unicode strings.</li> </ul> <p>In either version of Python, byte-strings and unicode-strings must be converted. The conversion performed by default depends on your system's default charset; in your case this is <em>UTF-8</em>. Without setting anything, it should be <em>ascii</em>, which rejects all characters above \x7f.</p> <p>The message digest returned by hashlib.md5(...).digest() is a bytes-string, and I suppose you want the result of the whole operation to be a byte-string as well. If you want that, convert the nonce and cnonce-strings to byte-strings.:</p> <pre><code>a1 = hashlib.md5("%s:%s:%s" % (self.username, self.domain, self.password)).digest() # note that UTF-8 may not be the encoding required by your counterpart, please check a1 = b"%s:%s:%s" %(a1, challenge["nonce"].encode("UTF-8"), cnonce.encode("UTF-8") ) </code></pre> <p>Alternatively, you can convert the byte-string coming from the call to <code>digest()</code> to a unicode string (not recommended). As the lower 8 bit of UCS-2 are equivalent to ISO-8859-1, this might serve your needs:</p> <pre><code>a1 = hashlib.md5("%s:%s:%s" % (self.username, self.domain, self.password)).digest() a1 = "%s:%s:%s" %(a1.decode("ISO-8859-1"), challenge["nonce"], cnonce) </code></pre>

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