StackOverflow2013

Note that there are some explanatory texts on larger screens.

plurals

POOpenGL frame buffer slow and spontaneously stalls. Can even cause a system crash when used extensively
text
Body
copied!<p>Apparently frame buffers are fast and the best way to render offscreen to textures or to simply pre-create things.</p> <p>My game however is not liking them at all. In the current code frame buffers are used often, sometimes each frame, several times. When used the game begins to slow down but not instantly. It seems to take time (Perhaps a built-up memory problem?). In some areas the frame buffer objects do not seem to slow the game down much accept occasionally the game will stall for a few seconds before continuing as normal.</p> <p>I assume the Frame buffers are the problem because the game is fast in areas where they aren't used.</p> <p>I'm using python with pyopengl. The OpenGL code is similar to the code in other language so I do not think python knowledge is significantly important.</p> <p>Some things are rendered directly to the screen, other textures are rendered to other textures which is involved with the Surface class. This resembles pygame which is what I begun my game in before I changed my mind.</p> <p>Here is the relevant code.</p> <pre><code>def create_texture(surface): surface.texture = glGenTextures(1) glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW) glLoadIdentity() #Loads model matrix glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, surface.texture) #Binds the current 2D texture to the texture to be drawn glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR) #Required to be set for maping the pixel data glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR) #Similar as above glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, surface.surface_size[0], surface.surface_size[1], 0, GL_RGBA,GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, surface.data) #Put surface pixel data into texture if surface.data == None: setup_framebuffer(surface) c = [float(sc)/255.0 for sc in surface.colour] #Divide colours by 255 because OpenGL uses 0-1 if surface.background_alpha != None: c[3] = float(surface.background_alpha)/255.0 glClearColor(*c) glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT) end_framebuffer() Surface.texture_ready.append(surface) def setup_framebuffer(surface): #Create texture if not done already if surface.texture == None: create_texture(surface) #Render child to parent if surface.frame_buffer == None: surface.frame_buffer = glGenFramebuffersEXT(1) glBindFramebufferEXT(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_EXT, surface.frame_buffer) glFramebufferTexture2DEXT(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_EXT, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0_EXT, GL_TEXTURE_2D, surface.texture, 0) glPushAttrib(GL_VIEWPORT_BIT) glViewport(0,0,surface._scale[0],surface._scale[1]) glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION) glLoadIdentity() #Load the projection matrix gluOrtho2D(0,surface._scale[0],0,surface._scale[1]) def end_framebuffer(): glPopAttrib() glBindFramebufferEXT(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_EXT, 0) glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION) glLoadIdentity() #Load the projection matrix gluOrtho2D(0,1280,720,0) #Set an orthorgraphic view def draw_texture(texture,offset,size,a,rounded,sides,angle,point): glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW) glLoadIdentity() #Loads model matrix glColor4f(1,1,1,float(a)/255.0) glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture) if rounded == 0: if angle == 0: glBegin(GL_QUADS) glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0) glVertex2i(*offset) #Top Left glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0) glVertex2i(offset[0],offset[1] + size[1]) #Bottom Left glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0) glVertex2i(offset[0] + size[0],offset[1] + size[1]) #Bottom, Right glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0) glVertex2i(offset[0] + size[0],offset[1]) #Top, Right glEnd() else: glBegin(GL_QUADS) glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0) glVertex2f(*rotate_coordinate(offset,point,angle)) #Top Left glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0) glVertex2f(*rotate_coordinate((offset[0],offset[1] + size[1]),point,angle)) #Bottom Left glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0) glVertex2f(*rotate_coordinate((offset[0] + size[0],offset[1] + size[1]),point,angle)) #Bottom, Right glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0) glVertex2f(*rotate_coordinate((offset[0] + size[0],offset[1]),point,angle)) #Top, Right glEnd() else: global arc_factors arc = [[o*rounded for o in c] for c in arc_factors] glBegin(GL_POLYGON) if sides % 2: for c in arc: coordinates = (offset[0] + rounded - c[0],offset[1] + rounded - c[1]) glTexCoord2f((coordinates[0]-offset[0])/size[0],(coordinates[1]-offset[1])/size[1]) glVertex2f(*coordinates) else: glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0) glVertex2f(*rotate_coordinate(offset,point,angle)) #Top Left if sides % 4 > 1: for c in arc[::-1]: coordinates = (offset[0] + size[0] - rounded + c[0],offset[1] + rounded - c[1]) glTexCoord2f((coordinates[0]-offset[0])/size[0],(coordinates[1]-offset[1])/size[1]) glVertex2f(*coordinates) else: glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0) glVertex2f(*rotate_coordinate((offset[0] + size[0],offset[1]),point,angle)) #Top, Right if sides % 8 > 3: for c in arc: coordinates = (offset[0] + size[0] - rounded + c[0],offset[1] + size[1] - rounded + c[1]) glTexCoord2f((coordinates[0]-offset[0])/size[0],(coordinates[1]-offset[1])/size[1]) glVertex2f(*coordinates) else: glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0) glVertex2f(*rotate_coordinate((offset[0] + size[0],offset[1] + size[1]),point,angle)) #Bottom, Right if sides > 7: for c in arc[::-1]: coordinates = (offset[0] + rounded - c[0],offset[1] + size[1] - rounded + c[1]) glTexCoord2f((coordinates[0]-offset[0])/size[0],(coordinates[1]-offset[1])/size[1]) glVertex2f(*coordinates) else: glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0) glVertex2f(*rotate_coordinate((offset[0],offset[1] + size[1]),point,angle)) #Bottom Left glEnd() def texture_to_texture(target,surface,offset,rounded,rotation,point): #Create texture if not done already if surface.texture == None: create_texture(surface) #Render child to parent setup_framebuffer(target) draw_texture(surface.texture,offset,surface._scale,surface.colour[3],rounded,surface.rounded_sides,rotation,point) end_framebuffer() def texture_to_screen(surface,offset,rotation,point): if surface.texture == None: create_texture(surface) draw_texture(surface.texture,offset,surface._scale,surface.colour[3],surface.rounded,surface.rounded_sides,rotation,point) class Surface(): texture_ready = [] def __init__(self,size,extra = None): self._offset = (0,0) self.children = [] self.blitted = False self.last_offset = [0,0] self.surface_size = list(size) self.colour = [0,0,0,255] self.data = None self.rounded = 0 self.parent = None self.parent_offset = (0,0) self.texture = None self.frame_buffer = None self._scale = size self.background_alpha = None self.rounded_sides = 0 def blit(self,surface,offset,rotation = 0,point = (0,0)): texture_to_texture(self,surface,offset,surface.rounded,rotation,point) if surface not in self.children: self.children.append(surface) if surface.parent_offset != offset or not surface.blitted: surface.parent_offset = offset surface._offset = [offset[0] + self._offset[0],offset[1] + self._offset[1]] surface.recursive_offset_change() #Add to the children's offsets surface.blitted = True def set_background_alpha(self,alpha): self.background_alpha = float(alpha)/255.0 def recursive_offset_change(self): for child in self.children: child._offset = (self._offset[0] + child.parent_offset[0],self._offset[1] + child.parent_offset[1]) child.recursive_offset_change() def get_offset(self): return self._offset def fill(self,colour): colour = list(colour) if len(colour) < 4: colour.append(255) self.children = [] self.textures = [] self.colour = colour if self.texture != None: glDeleteTextures([self.texture]) self.data = None create_texture(self) def get_size(self): return self.surface_size def get_width(self): return self.surface_size[0] def get_height(self): return self.surface_size[1] def round_corners(self,r,sides = 15): self.rounded = r self.rounded_sides = sides def get_rect(self): return Rect(self._offset,self.surface_size) def scale(self,scale): self._scale = scale return self def __del__(self): if self.texture != None: glDeleteTextures([self.texture]) if self.frame_buffer != None: glDeleteFramebuffersEXT(1, [int(self.frame_buffer)]) class Game(Surface): game_size = None first_screen = None screen = None fs = False #Fullscreen false to start clock = None resize = True game_gap = None game_scaled = (0,0) title = None fps = -1 enter_fullscreen = False exit_fullscreen = False scale_to_screen = False iconify = False on_focus_fullscreen = False f_key = False fade = 0 p_key = False music_stop = False unfade = False event_after_fade = -1 loaded = False fade = 255 unfade = True homedir = os.path.expanduser("~") fade_screen = False keys = [] events = [] sections = [] back_key = False transfer_args = () mouse_pos = (0,0) def __init__(self,title,game_size,on_exit = sys.exit): self.keys = [False] * 323 self.events = [] pygame.font.init() pygame.mixer.init() self.title = title self.game_size = game_size self.first_screen = (1280,720) #Take 120 pixels from the height because the menu bar, window bar and dock takes space glutInit(sys.argv) glutInitWindowPosition(0,0) glutInitWindowSize(*game_size) glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGBA) glutGameModeString("1280x720:32@60") #720 HD glutCreateWindow(title) glutSetIconTitle(title) self.callbacks() self.game_gap = (0,0) self.on_exit = on_exit self.mod_key = 1024 if sys.platform == "darwin" else 64 Surface.__init__(self,game_size) self.screen_change = True self.frames = [time.time()] self.fps = 60 self.last_time = 0 self.fade_surface = Surface([1280,720]) def callbacks(self): glutReshapeFunc(self.reshaped) glutKeyboardFunc(self.keydown) glutKeyboardUpFunc(self.keyup) glutSpecialFunc(self.specialdown) glutSpecialUpFunc(self.specialup) glutDisplayFunc(self.game_loop) glutIdleFunc(self.game_loop) glutMouseFunc(self.mouse_func) glutPassiveMotionFunc(self.mouse_move) glutMotionFunc(self.mouse_move) glViewport(0,0,self.first_screen[0],self.first_screen[1]) #Creates the viewport which is mapped to the window glEnable(GL_BLEND) #Enable alpha blending glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D) #Enable 2D Textures glEnable(GL_POLYGON_SMOOTH) #Enable antialiased polygons glHint(GL_POLYGON_SMOOTH_HINT, GL_NICEST) glHint(GL_LINE_SMOOTH_HINT, GL_NICEST) glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA) glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION) glLoadIdentity() #Load the projection matrix gluOrtho2D(0,1280,720,0) #Set an orthorgraphic view def add_section(self,section_object): self.sections.append(section_object) def mouse_func(self,button, state, x, y): self.events.append((state,button,x,y)) def mouse_move(self,x,y): self.events.append((MOUSEMOTION,x - self.mouse_pos[0], y - self.mouse_pos[1])) self.mouse_pos = (x,y) def keydown(self,char,x,y): #300 miliusecond delay, 50 milisecond repeat self.change_keys(char,True) def keyup(self,char,x,y): self.change_keys(char,False) def change_keys(self,char,bool): char = ord(char) #Switch backspace and delete if char == 8: char = 127 elif char == 127: char = 8 self.keys[char] = bool def specialdown(self,char,x,y): if char == GLUT_KEY_UP: self.keys[K_UP] = True if char == GLUT_KEY_DOWN: self.keys[K_DOWN] = True if char == GLUT_KEY_LEFT: self.keys[K_LEFT] = True if char == GLUT_KEY_RIGHT: self.keys[K_RIGHT] = True def specialup(self,char,x,y): if char == GLUT_KEY_UP: self.keys[K_UP] = False if char == GLUT_KEY_DOWN: self.keys[K_DOWN] = False if char == GLUT_KEY_LEFT: self.keys[K_LEFT] = False if char == GLUT_KEY_RIGHT: self.keys[K_RIGHT] = False def reshaped(self,w,h): #Scale game to screen resolution, keeping aspect ratio self.screen_change = True self.game_scaled = get_resolution((w,h),self.game_size) glutReshapeWindow(*self.game_scaled) glViewport(0,0,self.game_scaled[0],self.game_scaled[1]) glutPositionWindow((1280- w)/2,(720 - h)/2) def game_loop(self): self.section.loop() if self.unfade: if self.fade == 255: play_music(self.section.music) if self.fade > 0: self.fade -= 5 else: self.music_stop = False self.unfade = False if self.fade_screen and not self.unfade: #Fade out if self.fade == 0: sound("/sounds/menu3/fade.ogg").play() self.music_stop = True pygame.mixer.music.fadeout(850) if self.fade < 255: self.fade += 5 else: self.fade_screen = False self.unfade = True if self.fade_screen == False: if self.event_after_fade != -1: self.section = self.sections[self.event_after_fade] self.section.transfer(*self.transfer_args) self.transfer_args = () self.event_after_fade = -1 self.fade_surface.fill((0,0,0,self.fade)) self.blit(self.fade_surface,(0,0)) for event in self.events: if event[1] == MUSICEND and self.music_stop == False: play_music(self.section.music) self.events = [] #Remove events global draw_texture_time #Updates screen properly for event in self.events: if event.type == QUIT: self.on_exit() if True: if self.keys[K_f]: if self.f_key == False: self.f_key = True if self.fs == False: self.enter_fullscreen = True else: self.exit_fullscreen = True else: self.f_key = False if self.on_focus_fullscreen and pygame.display.get_active(): self.on_focus_fullscreen = False self.enter_fullscreen = True pixel_data = [] if self.enter_fullscreen or self.exit_fullscreen: for surface in Surface.texture_ready: if surface.texture != None: glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, surface.texture) glGetTexImage(GL_TEXTURE_2D,0,GL_RGBA,GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,surface.data) surface.texture = None if surface.frame_buffer != None: pixel_data.append((surface,None)) glReadPixels(0,0,surface.surface_size[0],surface.surface_size[1],GL_BGRA,GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,pixel_data[-1][1]) Surface.texture_ready = [] if self.enter_fullscreen: glutEnterGameMode() self.callbacks() self.fs = True self.enter_fullscreen = False elif self.exit_fullscreen: glutSetCursor(GLUT_CURSOR_INHERIT) self.fs = False glutLeaveGameMode() self.callbacks() self.exit_fullscreen = False if self.iconify: self.on_focus_fullscreen = True if self.enter_fullscreen or self.exit_fullscreen: for surface, data in pixel_data: surface.frame_buffer = glGenFramebuffersEXT(1) setup_framebuffer(surface) glDrawPixels(surface.surface_size[0],surface.surface_size[1],GL_RGBA,GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,data) end_framebuffer() if self.iconify: pygame.display.iconify() #Minimise self.iconify = False glFlush() glutSwapBuffers() #Flip buffer glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT) self.frames.append(time.time()) time_d = (self.frames[-1] - self.frames[-2]) if time_d < 0.01667: time.sleep(0.01667 - time_d) self.frames[-1] = time.time() self.fps = len(self.frames)/(self.frames[-1] - self.frames[0]) if self.fps > 60: self.fps = 60 self.frames = [frame for frame in self.frames if (self.frames[-1] - frame) < 1] glutSetWindowTitle(self.title + " - " + str(int(self.fps)) + "fps") def blit(self,surface,offset,rotation = 0,point = (0,0)): if surface.get_offset() != offset or not surface.blitted: surface._offset = offset surface.recursive_offset_change() #Add to the children's offsets surface.blitted = True texture_to_screen(surface,offset,rotation,point) def transfer_section(self,section,args=()): self.transfer_args = args self.event_after_fade = section self.fade_screen = True </code></pre> <p>Bravo if anyone can help me with this. I spent ages getting the FBOs to work at all. It's so frustrating that they aren't working properly. If it comes to removing them, it's a nightmare all over again. But I must face whatever needs to be done to make the game fast.</p>

Querying!

Guidance

An individual column

Larger individual text columns get their own page to allow for proper reading.

SQuiL has stopped working due to an internal error.

If you are curious you may find further information in the browser console, which is accessible through the devtools (F12).

Reload