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POMac 10.6 Universal Binary scipy: cephes/specfun "_aswfa_" symbol not found
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copied!<p>I can't get scipy to function in 32 bit mode when compiled as a i386/x86_64 universal binary, and executed on my 64 bit 10.6.2 MacPro1,1.</p> <h3>My python setup</h3> <p>With the help of <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1654837/run-an-os-x-universal-binary-in-32-bit-mode/1654855#1654855">this answer</a>, I built a 32/64 bit intel universal binary of python 2.6.4 with the intention of using the <code>arch</code> command to select between the architectures. (I managed to make some universal binaries of a few libraries I wanted using lipo.) That all works. I then installed scipy according to the instructions on <a href="http://blog.hyperjeff.net/?p=160" rel="nofollow noreferrer">hyperjeff's article</a>, only with more up-to-date numpy (1.4.0) and skipping the bit about moving numpy aside briefly during the installation of scipy.</p> <p>Now, everything except scipy seems to be working as far as I can tell, and I can indeed select between 32 and 64 bit mode using <code>arch -i386 python</code> and <code>arch -x86_64 python</code>. </p> <h3>The error</h3> <p>Scipy complains in 32 bit mode: </p> <pre><code>$ arch -x86_64 python -c "import scipy.interpolate; print 'success'" success $ arch -i386 python -c "import scipy.interpolate; print 'success'" Traceback (most recent call last): File "<string>", line 1, in <module> File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/scipy/interpolate/__init__.py", line 7, in <module> from interpolate import * File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/scipy/interpolate/interpolate.py", line 13, in <module> import scipy.special as spec File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/scipy/special/__init__.py", line 8, in <module> from basic import * File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/scipy/special/basic.py", line 8, in <module> from _cephes import * ImportError: dlopen(/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/scipy/special/_cephes.so, 2): Symbol not found: _aswfa_ Referenced from: /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/scipy/special/_cephes.so Expected in: flat namespace in /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/scipy/special/_cephes.so </code></pre> <h3>Attempt at tracking down the problem</h3> <p>It looks like scipy.interpolate imports something called <code>_cephes</code>, which looks for a symbol called <code>_aswfa_</code> but can't find it in 32 bit mode. Browsing through scipy's source, I find an <code>ASWFA</code> subroutine in specfun.f. The only scipy product file with a similar name is specfun.so, but both that and _cephes.so appear to be universal binaries:</p> <pre><code>$ cd /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/scipy/special/ $ file _cephes.so specfun.so _cephes.so: Mach-O universal binary with 2 architectures _cephes.so (for architecture i386): Mach-O bundle i386 _cephes.so (for architecture x86_64): Mach-O 64-bit bundle x86_64 specfun.so: Mach-O universal binary with 2 architectures specfun.so (for architecture i386): Mach-O bundle i386 specfun.so (for architecture x86_64): Mach-O 64-bit bundle x86_64 </code></pre> <p>Ho hum. I'm stuck. Things I may try but haven't figured out how yet include compiling specfun.so myself manually, somehow.</p> <p>I would imagine that scipy isn't broken for all 32 bit machines, so I guess something is wrong with the way I've installed it, but I can't figure out what. </p> <p>I don't really expect a full answer given my fairly unique (?) setup, but if anyone has any clues that might point me in the right direction, they'd be greatly appreciated. </p> <h1><strong>(edit)</strong> More details to address questions:</h1> <p>I'm using gfortran (GNU Fortran from GCC 4.2.1 Apple Inc. build 5646). </p> <p>Python 2.6.4 was installed more-or-less like so:</p> <pre><code>cd /tmp curl -O http://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.6.4/Python-2.6.4.tar.bz2 tar xf Python-2.6.4.tar.bz2 cd Python-2.6.4 # Now replace buggy pythonw.c file with one that supports the "arch" command: curl http://bugs.python.org/file14949/pythonw.c | sed s/2.7/2.6/ > Mac/Tools/pythonw.c ./configure --enable-framework=/Library/Frameworks --enable-universalsdk=/ --with-universal-archs=intel make -j4 sudo make frameworkinstall </code></pre> <p>Scipy 0.7.1 was installed pretty much as described as <a href="http://blog.hyperjeff.net/?p=160" rel="nofollow noreferrer">here</a>, but it boils down to a simple <code>sudo python setup.py install</code>.</p> <p>It would indeed appear that the symbol is undefined in the i386 architecture if you look at the _cephes library with <code>nm</code>, as suggested by David Cournapeau:</p> <pre><code>$ nm -arch x86_64 /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/scipy/special/_cephes.so | grep _aswfa_ 00000000000d4950 T _aswfa_ 000000000011e4b0 d _oblate_aswfa_data 000000000011e510 d _oblate_aswfa_nocv_data (snip) $ nm -arch i386 /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/scipy/special/_cephes.so | grep _aswfa_ U _aswfa_ 0002e96c d _oblate_aswfa_data 0002e99c d _oblate_aswfa_nocv_data (snip) </code></pre> <p>however, I can't yet explain its absence.</p>

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