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copied!<p>The byte order mark is likely to be one of these byte sequences:</p> <pre><code> UTF-8 BOM: ef bb bf UTF-16BE BOM: fe ff UTF-16LE BOM: ff fe UTF-32BE BOM: 00 00 fe ff UTF-32LE BOM: ff fe 00 00 </code></pre> <p>These are the variously encoded forms of the Unicode codepoint U+FEFF. This can be expressed as a Java char literal using <code>'\uFEFF'</code> (Java char values are <em>implicitly</em> UTF-16). Since U+FEFF isn't in most encodings, it is not possible for this BOM codepoint to be encoded by them. (<a href="http://illegalargumentexception.blogspot.com/2009/05/java-rough-guide-to-character-encoding.html#javaencoding_boms" rel="noreferrer">More on encoding the BOM using Java here</a>.)</p> <p>When it comes to BOMs and XML, they are optional (see also the <a href="http://unicode.org/faq/utf_bom.html#BOM" rel="noreferrer">Unicode BOM FAQ</a>). Detection of encoding in XML is relatively straightforward if the encoding is specified in the declaration. Always make sure that the XML declaration (<code><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?></code>) matches the encoding used to write the document. If you are strict about this, parsers should be able to interpret your documents correctly. (<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml/#sec-guessing" rel="noreferrer">XML spec on encoding detection.</a>)</p> <p>I advocate encoding as Unicode wherever possible (see also the <a href="http://cafe.elharo.com/programming/the-ten-commandments-of-unicode/" rel="noreferrer">10 Commandments of Unicode</a>). That said, XML allows the representation of any Unicode character via escape entities (e.g. 'A' could be represented by <code>&#x0041;</code>), so it isn't necessarily a requirement to avoid data loss.</p>

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