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copied!<p>In order to have a valid final XML text, you need to escape all XML entities and have the text written in the same encoding as the XML document processing-instruction states it (the "encoding" in the <code><?xml</code> line). The accented characters don't need to be escaped as long as they are encoded as the document.</p> <p>However, in many situations simply escaping the input with <code>htmlspecialchars</code> may lead to double-encoded entities (for example <code>&eacute;</code> would become <code>&amp;eacute;</code>), so I suggest decoding html entities first:</p> <pre><code>function xml_escape($s) { $s = html_entity_decode($s, ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8'); $s = htmlspecialchars($s, ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8', false); return $s; } </code></pre> <p>Now you need to make sure all accented characters are valid in the XML document encoding. I strongly encourage to always encode XML output in UTF-8, since not all the XML parsers respect the XML document processing-instruction encoding. If your input might come from a different charset, try using <code>utf8_encode()</code>.</p> <p>There's a special case, which is your input may come from one of these encodings: ISO-8859-1, ISO-8859-15, UTF-8, cp866, cp1251, cp1252, and KOI8-R -- PHP treats them all the same, but there are some slight differences in them -- some of which even <code>iconv()</code> cannot handle. I could only solve this encoding issue by complementing <code>utf8_encode()</code> behavior:</p> <pre><code>function encode_utf8($s) { $cp1252_map = array( "\xc2\x80" => "\xe2\x82\xac", "\xc2\x82" => "\xe2\x80\x9a", "\xc2\x83" => "\xc6\x92", "\xc2\x84" => "\xe2\x80\x9e", "\xc2\x85" => "\xe2\x80\xa6", "\xc2\x86" => "\xe2\x80\xa0", "\xc2\x87" => "\xe2\x80\xa1", "\xc2\x88" => "\xcb\x86", "\xc2\x89" => "\xe2\x80\xb0", "\xc2\x8a" => "\xc5\xa0", "\xc2\x8b" => "\xe2\x80\xb9", "\xc2\x8c" => "\xc5\x92", "\xc2\x8e" => "\xc5\xbd", "\xc2\x91" => "\xe2\x80\x98", "\xc2\x92" => "\xe2\x80\x99", "\xc2\x93" => "\xe2\x80\x9c", "\xc2\x94" => "\xe2\x80\x9d", "\xc2\x95" => "\xe2\x80\xa2", "\xc2\x96" => "\xe2\x80\x93", "\xc2\x97" => "\xe2\x80\x94", "\xc2\x98" => "\xcb\x9c", "\xc2\x99" => "\xe2\x84\xa2", "\xc2\x9a" => "\xc5\xa1", "\xc2\x9b" => "\xe2\x80\xba", "\xc2\x9c" => "\xc5\x93", "\xc2\x9e" => "\xc5\xbe", "\xc2\x9f" => "\xc5\xb8" ); $s=strtr(utf8_encode($s), $cp1252_map); return $s; } </code></pre>

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