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copied!<p>The purpose of the <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/bytes.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><code>bytes</code></a> pragma is to replace the <code>length</code> function (and several other string related functions) in the current scope. So every call to <code>length</code> in your program is a call to the <code>length</code> that <code>bytes</code> provides. This is more in line with what you were trying to do:</p> <pre><code>#!/usr/bin/perl use strict; use warnings; sub bytes($) { use bytes; return length shift; } my $ascii = "foo"; #really UTF-8, but everything is in the ASCII range my $utf8 = "\x{24d5}\x{24de}\x{24de}"; print "[$ascii] characters: ", length $ascii, "\n", "[$ascii] bytes : ", bytes $ascii, "\n", "[$utf8] characters: ", length $utf8, "\n", "[$utf8] bytes : ", bytes $utf8, "\n"; </code></pre> <p>Another subtle flaw in your reasoning is that there is such a thing as Unicode bytes. Unicode is an enumeration of characters. It says, for instance, that the U+24d5 is &#x24d5 (CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER F); What Unicode does not specify how many bytes a character takes up. That is left to the encodings. UTF-8 says it takes up 3 bytes, UTF-16 says it takes up 2 bytes, UTF-32 says it takes 4 bytes, etc. Here is <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_Unicode_encodings" rel="nofollow noreferrer">comparison of Unicode encodings</a>. Perl uses UTF-8 for its strings by default. UTF-8 has the benefit of being identical in every way to ASCII for the first 127 characters.</p>

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