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POWhat is the purpose of using WHERE 1=1 in SQL statements?
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copied!<blockquote> <p><strong>Possible Duplicates:</strong><br> <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/517107/why-would-a-sql-query-have-where-1-1">Why would a sql query have “where 1 = 1”</a><br> <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/242822/why-would-someone-use-where-11-and-conditions-in-a-sql-clause">Why would someone use WHERE 1=1 AND <conditions> in a SQL clause?</a> </p> </blockquote> <p>I've seen that a lot in different query examples and it goes to probably all SQL engines.</p> <p>If there is a query that has no conditions defined people (and specially ORM frameworks) often add always-true condition <code>WHERE 1 = 1</code> or something like that.</p> <p>So instead of</p> <pre><code>SELECT id, name FROM users; </code></pre> <p>they use</p> <pre><code>SELECT id, name FROM users WHERE 1 = 1; </code></pre> <p>The only possible reason I could think of if you are adding conditions dynamically you don't have to worry about stripping the initial <code>AND</code> but still quite often this <code>1 = 1</code> condition is stripped if there is an actual condition in the query.</p> <p>Actual example from CakePHP (generated by framework):</p> <p>(no conditions)</p> <pre><code>SELECT `User`.`id`, `User`.`login` FROM `users` AS `User` WHERE 1 = 1 ORDER BY `User`.`id` ASC; </code></pre> <p>(with condition)</p> <pre><code>SELECT `User`.`id`, `User`.`login` FROM `users` AS `User` WHERE `User`.`login` = 'me@example.com' LIMIT 1; </code></pre> <p>Is there any reason for adding that extra condition?</p>

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