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copied!<p>FFmpeg has three concatenation methods.</p> <h1>1. <a href="https://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-filters.html#concat" rel="noreferrer">concat video filter</a></h1> <pre class="lang-sh prettyprint-override"><code>ffmpeg -i opening.mkv -i episode.mkv -i ending.mkv \ -filter_complex "[0:v] [0:a] [1:v] [1:a] [2:v] [2:a] concat=n=3:v=1:a=1 [v] [a]" \ -map "[v]" -map "[a]" output.mkv </code></pre> <p>Note that this method performs a re-encode.</p> <h1>2. <a href="https://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-formats.html#concat-1" rel="noreferrer">concat demuxer</a></h1> <pre class="lang-sh prettyprint-override"><code>$ cat mylist.txt file '/path/to/file1' file '/path/to/file2' file '/path/to/file3' $ ffmpeg -f concat -i mylist.txt -c copy output </code></pre> <p><em>for Windows</em>:</p> <pre class="lang-sh prettyprint-override"><code>(echo file 'first file.mp4' & echo file 'second file.mp4' )>list.txt ffmpeg -safe 0 -f concat -i list.txt -c copy output.mp4 </code></pre> <h1>3. <a href="https://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-protocols.html#concat" rel="noreferrer">concat protocol</a></h1> <pre class="lang-sh prettyprint-override"><code>ffmpeg -i "concat:input1|input2" -codec copy output </code></pre> <p>This method does not work for many formats, including MP4, due to the nature of these formats and the simplistic concatenation performed by this method.</p> <h2>Which one to use</h2> <ul> <li><p><strong>concat filter</strong>: Use if your inputs do not have the same parameters (width, height, etc), or are not the same formats/codecs, or if you want to perform any filtering. (You could re-encode just the inputs that don't match so they share the same codec and other parameters, then use the concat demuxer to avoid re-encoding the other inputs).</p></li> <li><p><strong>concat demuxer</strong>: Use when you want to avoid a re-encode and your format does not support file level concatenation (most files used by general users do not support file level concatenation).</p></li> <li><p><strong>concat protocol</strong>: Use with formats that support file level concatenation (MPEG-1, MPEG-2 PS, DV). Do not use with MP4.</p></li> </ul> <p>If in doubt try the concat demuxer.</p> <h3>Also see</h3> <ul> <li><a href="https://ffmpeg.org/faq.html#How-can-I-join-video-files_003f" rel="noreferrer">FFmpeg FAQ: How can I join video files?</a></li> <li><a href="https://trac.ffmpeg.org/wiki/Concatenate" rel="noreferrer">FFmpeg Wiki: How to concatenate (join, merge) media files</a></li> </ul>

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