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copied!<p>If you use an appropriate class or library, they will do the escaping for you. Many XML issues are caused by string concatenation.</p> <h1>XML escape characters</h1> <p>There are only five:</p> <pre><code>" &quot; ' &apos; < &lt; > &gt; & &amp; </code></pre> <p>Escaping characters depends on where the special character is used. </p> <p>The examples can be validated at <a href="https://validator.w3.org/#validate_by_input" rel="noreferrer">W3C Markup Validation Service</a>.</p> <h2>Text</h2> <p>The safe way is to escape all five characters in text, however, the three characters <code>"</code>, <code>'</code> and <code>></code> needn't be escaped in text:</p> <pre><code><?xml version="1.0"?> <valid>"'></valid> </code></pre> <h2>Attributes</h2> <p>The safe way is to escape all five characters in attributes, however, the <code>></code> character needn't be escaped in attributes:</p> <pre><code><?xml version="1.0"?> <valid attribute=">"/> </code></pre> <p>The <code>'</code> character needn't be escaped in attributes if the quotes are <code>"</code>:</p> <pre><code><?xml version="1.0"?> <valid attribute="'"/> </code></pre> <p>Likewise, the <code>"</code> needn't be escaped in attributes if the quotes are <code>'</code>:</p> <pre><code><?xml version="1.0"?> <valid attribute='"'/> </code></pre> <h2>Comments</h2> <p>All 5 special characters <strong>must not</strong> be escaped in comments:</p> <pre><code><?xml version="1.0"?> <valid>  </valid> </code></pre> <h2>CDATA</h2> <p>All 5 special characters <strong>must not</strong> be escaped in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDATA" rel="noreferrer">CDATA</a> sections:</p> <pre><code><?xml version="1.0"?> <valid> <![CDATA["'<>&]]> </valid> </code></pre> <h2>Processing instructions</h2> <p>All 5 special characters <strong>must not</strong> be escaped in XML processing instructions:</p> <pre><code><?xml version="1.0"?> <?process <"'&> ?> <valid/> </code></pre> <h1>XML vs. HTML</h1> <p>HTML has <a href="http://www.escapecodes.info/" rel="noreferrer">its own set of escape codes</a> which cover a lot more characters.</p>

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