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copied!<p>Regarding tag capitalization, a little history may help in understanding why the trend has shifted from uppercase to lowercase: In HTML4 elements were typically written in uppercase, however according to W3Schools, the <a href="http://www.w3schools.com/html/html_elements.asp" rel="nofollow">W3C recommended they be written in lowercase</a> (although I can't find a reference). Then, XHTML became popular; but <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/diffs.html#h-4.2" rel="nofollow">the specification stipulated elements and attributes <strong>must</strong> be lowercase</a>. And the <a href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/html-author/#elements" rel="nofollow">HTML5 specification says you can go either way, but lowercase is recommended</a>.</p> <p>Regarding internal and external CSS, it really depends. If multiple pages are accessing the same CSS, <a href="https://developers.google.com/speed/docs/best-practices/caching" rel="nofollow">then the browser will likely cache it</a>, meaning it is wise to put all your CSS into a separate file. I like this just for code abstraction too. However, if it is a single page, you may choose to go inline.</p> <p>Regarding the navigation bar, it is a matter of preference. I like to load a template file, run it through the DOM, and just insert the elements I need. For performance you may choose to go with another method, but I like this for code abstraction.</p> <p>Something like the following:</p> <pre><code><?php class Webpage { private $document; function __construct() { $this->document = new DOMDocument(); if($this->document->loadHTMLFile("template.html")){ $this->createHeaderMenu(); }else{ trigger_error("Webpage->__construct() failed to load template.html", LOG_ERR); } } protected function createHeaderMenu() { $headerMenu = $this->document->getElementById("header-menu"); $li = $this->document->createElement("li"); $a = $this->document->createElement("a", "Homepage"); $a->setAttribute("href", "/"); $a->setAttribute("target", "_self"); $a->setAttribute("title", "Homepage"); $li->appendChild($a); $headerMenu->appendChild($li); } public function output() { return (string) $this->document->saveHTML(); } } $page = new Webpage(); echo($page->output()); ?> </code></pre> <p>Of course, template.html would be your template, and there would need to be a ul element in there with an id attribute set to header-menu.</p>

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