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copied!<h1>Python</h1> <p>Python 2 has the classes <code>str</code> and <code>unicode</code>. <code>str</code> objects store bytes, <code>unicode</code> objects store UTF-16 characters. Most library functions support both (e.g. <code>os.listdir('.')</code> returns a list of <code>str</code>, <code>os.listdir(u'.')</code> returns a list of <code>unicode</code> objects). Both have <code>encode</code> and <code>decode</code> methods.</p> <p>Python 3 basically renamed <code>unicode</code> to <code>str</code>. The Python 3 equivalent to <code>str</code> would be the type <code>bytes</code>. <code>bytes</code> has a <code>decode</code> and <code>str</code> an <code>encode</code> method. <a href="http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0393/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Since Python 3.3</a> <code>str</code> objects internally use one of several encodings in order to save memory. For a Python programmer it still looks like an abstract unicode sequence.</p> <p>Python supports:</p> <ul> <li>encoding/decoding</li> <li>normalization</li> <li>simple case conversion and splitting on whitespace</li> <li>looking up characters by their name</li> </ul> <p>Python does not support/has limited support for:</p> <ul> <li>collation (limited)</li> <li>special case conversions where there is no 1:1 mapping between lower and upper case characters</li> <li>regular expressions (<a href="https://pypi.python.org/pypi/regex" rel="nofollow noreferrer">it's worked on</a>)</li> <li>text segmentation</li> <li>bidirectional text handling</li> </ul> <p>See also: <a href="http://www.cmlenz.net/archives/2008/07/the-truth-about-unicode-in-python" rel="nofollow noreferrer">The Truth about Unicode in Python</a></p>

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